D. South Africa

In September 2011, President Jacob Zuma appointed Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng as the chief justice of South Africa's Constitutional Court. Members of the legal community have expressed concern, citing Mogoeng's apparent inability to articulate a constitutional vision.

The Tax Administration Bill of 2011 was proposed on June 23 to consolidate existing Tax Acts, increase transparency, and make necessary adjustments to the Income Tax Act of 1962. Commentators note that the new law is vulnerable to constitutional criticisms because of the scope of powers given to the South African Revenue Service and the detrimental impact on taxpayers' rights on matters including international travel, trade, and search and seizure.